I need to have the ability to create user accounts on my Linux (Fedora 10) and automatically assign a password via a bash script(or otherwise, if need be).
It's easy to create the user via Bash e.g.:
[whoever@server ]# /usr/sbin/useradd newuser Is it possible to assign a password in Bash, something functionally similar to this, but automatically:
[whoever@server ]# passwd newuser Changing password for user testpass. New UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [whoever@server ]# 20 Answers
You could also use chpasswd:
echo username:new_password | chpasswd so, you change password for user username to new_password.
You can run the passwd command and send it piped input. So, do something like:
echo thePassword | passwd theUsername --stdin I was asking myself the same thing, and didn't want to rely on a Python script.
This is the line to add a user with a defined password in one bash line:
useradd -p $(openssl passwd -crypt $PASS) $USER The code below worked in Ubuntu 14.04. Try before you use it in other versions/linux variants.
# quietly add a user without password adduser --quiet --disabled-password --shell /bin/bash --home /home/newuser --gecos "User" newuser # set password echo "newuser:newpassword" | chpasswd I liked Tralemonkey's approach of echo thePassword | passwd theUsername --stdin though it didn't quite work for me as written. This however worked for me.
echo -e "$password\n$password\n" | sudo passwd $user -e is to recognize \n as new line.
sudo is root access for Ubuntu.
The double quotes are to recognize $ and expand the variables.
The above command passes the password and a new line, two times, to passwd, which is what passwd requires.
If not using variables, I think this probably works.
echo -e 'password\npassword\n' | sudo passwd username Single quotes should suffice here.
2The following works for me and tested on Ubuntu 14.04. It is a one liner that does not require any user input.
sudo useradd -p $(openssl passwd -1 $PASS) $USERNAME Taken from @Tralemonkey
0Single liner to create a sudo user with home directory and password.
useradd -m -p $(openssl passwd -1 ${PASSWORD}) -s /bin/bash -G sudo ${USERNAME} You can use the -p option.
useradd -p encrypted_password newuser Unfortunately, this does require you to hash the password yourself (where passwd does that for you). Unfortunately, there does not seem to be a standard utility to hash some data so you'll have to write that yourself.
Here's a little Python script I whipped up to do the encryption for you. Assuming you called it pcrypt, you would then write your above command line to:
useradd -p $(pcrypt ${passwd}) newuser A couple of warnings to be aware of.
- While pcrypt is running, the plaintext will be visible to any user via the ps command.
- pcrypt uses the old style crypt function - if you are using something more moderns like an MD5 hash, you'll need to change pcrypt.
and here's pcrypt:
#!/usr/bin/env python import crypt import sys import random saltchars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789" def salt(): return random.choice(saltchars) + random.choice(saltchars) def hash(plain): return crypt.crypt(arg, salt()) if __name__ == "__main__": random.seed() for arg in sys.argv[1:]: sys.stdout.write("%s\n" % (hash(arg),)) --stdin doesn't work on Debian. It says:
`passwd: unrecognized option '--stdin'` This worked for me:
#useradd $USER #echo "$USER:$SENHA" | chpasswd Here we can find some other good ways:
1You can use expect in your bash script.
#!/usr/bin/expect ######################################### #$ file: htpasswd.sh #$ desc: Automated htpasswd shell script ######################################### #$ #$ usage example: #$ #$ ./htpasswd.sh passwdpath username userpass #$ ###################################### set htpasswdpath [lindex $argv 0] set username [lindex $argv 1] set userpass [lindex $argv 2] # spawn the htpasswd command process spawn htpasswd $htpasswdpath $username # Automate the 'New password' Procedure expect "New password:" send "$userpass\r" expect "Re-type new password:" send "$userpass\r" I know I'm coming at this years later, but I can't believe no one suggested usermod.
usermod --password `perl -e "print crypt('password','sa');"` root Hell, just in case someone wants to do this on an older HPUX you can use usermod.sam.
/usr/sam/lbin/usermod.sam -F -p `perl -e "print crypt('password','sa');"` username The -F is only needed if the person executing the script is the current user. Of course you don't need to use Perl to create the hash. You could use openssl or many other commands in its place.
I've tested in my own shell script.
$new_usernamemeans newly created user$new_passwordmeans newly password
For CentOS
echo "$new_password" | passwd --stdin "$new_username" For Debian/Ubuntu
echo "$new_username:$new_password" | chpasswd For OpenSUSE
echo -e "$new_password\n$new_password" | passwd "$new_username" Here is a script that will do it for you .....
You can add a list of users (or just one user) if you want, all in one go and each will have a different password. As a bonus you are presented at the end of the script with a list of each users password. .... If you want you can add some user maintenance options
like:
chage -m 18 $user chage -M 28 $user to the script that will set the password age and so on.
=======
#!/bin/bash # Checks if you have the right privileges if [ "$USER" = "root" ] then # CHANGE THIS PARAMETERS FOR A PARTICULAR USE PERS_HOME="/home/" PERS_SH="/bin/bash" # Checks if there is an argument [ $# -eq 0 ] && { echo >&2 ERROR: You may enter as an argument a text file containing users, one per line. ; exit 1; } # checks if there a regular file [ -f "$1" ] || { echo >&2 ERROR: The input file does not exists. ; exit 1; } TMPIN=$(mktemp) # Remove blank lines and delete duplicates sed '/^$/d' "$1"| sort -g | uniq > "$TMPIN" NOW=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d-%X") LOGFILE="AMU-log-$NOW.log" for user in $(more "$TMPIN"); do # Checks if the user already exists. cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd | grep "$user" > /dev/null OUT=$? if [ $OUT -eq 0 ];then echo >&2 "ERROR: User account: \"$user\" already exists." echo >&2 "ERROR: User account: \"$user\" already exists." >> "$LOGFILE" else # Create a new user /usr/sbin/useradd -d "$PERS_HOME""$user" -s "$PERS_SH" -m "$user" # passwdgen must be installed pass=$(passwdgen -paq --length 8) echo $pass | passwd --stdin $user # save user and password in a file echo -e $user"\t"$pass >> "$LOGFILE" echo "The user \"$user\" has been created and has the password: $pass" fi done rm -f "$TMPIN" exit 0 else echo >&2 "ERROR: You must be a root user to execute this script." exit 1 fi ===========
Hope this helps.
Cheers, Carel
The solution that works on both Debian and Red Hat. Depends on perl, uses sha-512 hashes:
cat userpassadd #!/usr/bin/env bash salt=$(cat /dev/urandom | tr -dc A-Za-z0-9/_- | head -c16) useradd -p $(perl -e "print crypt('$2', '\$6\$' . '$salt' . '\$')") $1 Usage:
userpassadd jim jimslongpassword It can effectively be used as a one-liner, but you'll have to specify the password, salt and username at the right places yourself:
useradd -p $(perl -e "print crypt('pass', '\$6\$salt\$')") username Tralemonkey's solution almost worked for me as well ... but not quite. I ended up doing it this way:
echo -n '$#@password@#$' | passwd myusername --stdin 2 key details his solution didn't include, the -n keeps echo from adding a \n to the password that is getting encrypted, and the single quotes protect the contents from being interpreted by the shell (bash) in my case.
BTW I ran this command as root on a CentOS 5.6 system in case anyone is wondering.
1Create a text file, say text.txt and populate it with user:password pairs as follows:
user1:password1 user2:password2 ... usern:passwordn Save the text.txt file, and run
cat text.txt | chpassword That's it. The solution is (a) scalable and (b) does not involve printing passwords on the command line.
{ echo $password; echo $password; } | passwd $username For RedHat / CentOS here's the code that creates a user, adds the passwords and makes the user a sudoer:
#!/bin/sh echo -n "Enter username: " read uname echo -n "Enter password: " read -s passwd adduser "$uname" echo $uname:$passwd | sudo chpasswd gpasswd wheel -a $uname usage: ./my_add_user.sh USER PASSWD
code:
#!/bin/bash # my_add_user.sh if [ "$#" -lt 2 ] then echo "$0 username passwd" exit fi user=$1 passwd=$2 useradd $user -d /data/home/$user -m ; echo $passwd | passwd $user --stdin; Kindly run below script with sudo permission for creating a user by script.
Note: This script supports all linux OSs like Redhat, Centos, Ubuntu, suse, kali, Arch, Bitname, BSD....etc
#!/bin/bash #author: bablish jaiswal #purpos: Linux user creation with a storng password clear #echo "Hi, I am a function to create sudo user with strong password. Kindly share following information" echo -e "\n\n\n" printf "\e[6;33mHi, I am a function to create sudo user with a strong password. Kindly share following information\e[0m";echo read -p "user name:- " name #input name read -p "complete path for $name home directory? example: /home/$name :- " home #user home path ( useradd -m -d $home $name -s /bin/bash ) > /dev/null 2>&1 pass=$(cat /dev/urandom |tr -dc "[[:graph:]]" |head -c16) (echo -e "$pass\n$pass" | passwd $name ) > /dev/null 2>&1 echo " " printf "\e[6;33m-----------------------------Copy below credentials-------------------------\e[0m";echo echo -e "User:- $name\nHomeDir:- $home\npassword:- $pass" #svalue=$(cat /etc/sudoers |grep -i root |grep -i all|tail -n1 |awk '{$1=""}1') svalue=$(cat /etc/sudoers |grep -i root |grep -i all|tail -n1 |awk '{print $2}') echo "${name} ${svalue} NOPASSWD:ALL" >> /etc/sudoers && echo “Remark:- User $name is a sudo user” 
