I am using various stdlib functions like srand(), etc. I have the line
#include <stdlib.h> at the top of my code.
I entered this on the command line:
# find / -name stdlib.h find: `/home/dmurvihill/.gvfs: permission denied /usr/include/stdlib.h /usr/include/bits/stdlib.h So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include.
My preprocessor:
# gcc -print-prog-name=cc1 /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 My preprocessor's default search path:
# /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -v ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed" ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include" #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /usr/local/include /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include /usr/include End of search list. So, stdlib.h is clearly in /usr/include, which is most definitely supposed to be searched by my preprocessor, but I still get this error!
/path/to/cpa_sample_code_main.c:15:20: fatal error: stdlib.h: No such file or directory compilation terminated Update
A program I wrote to test this code:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <linux/time.h> int main() { printf("Hello, World!\n"); printf("Getting time...\n"); time_t seconds; time(&seconds); printf("Seeding generator...\n"); srand((unsigned int)seconds); printf("Getting random number...\n"); int value = rand(); printf("It is %d!",value); printf("Goodbye, cruel world!"); return 0; } The command
gcc -H -v -fsyntax-only stdlib_test.c output
Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcc COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-redhat-linux Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl= --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-linker-build-id --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,lto --enable-plugin --enable-java-awt=gtk --disable-dssi --with-java-home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar=/usr/share/java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=i686 --build=x86_64-redhat-linux Thread model: posix gcc version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (GCC) COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-H' '-v' '-fsyntax-only' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64' /usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/cc1 -quiet -v -H /CRF_Verify/stdlib_test.c -quiet -dumpbase stdlib_test.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase stdlib_test -version -fsyntax-only -o /dev/null GNU C (GCC) version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (x86_64-redhat-linux) compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4), GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2, MPC version 0.8.1 GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072 ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include-fixed" ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/../../../../x86_64-redhat-linux/include" #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /usr/local/include /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include /usr/include End of search list. GNU C (GCC) version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4) (x86_64-redhat-linux) compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20100924 (Red Hat 4.5.1-4), GMP version 4.3.1, MPFR version 2.4.2, MPC version 0.8.1 GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072 Compiler executable checksum: ea394b69293dd698607206e8e43d607e . /usr/include/stdio.h .. /usr/include/features.h ... /usr/include/sys/cdefs.h .... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h ... /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h .... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h .... /usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h .. /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h .. /usr/include/bits/types.h ... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h ... /usr/include/bits/typesizes.h .. /usr/include/libio.h ... /usr/include/_G_config.h .... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h .... /usr/include/wchar.h ... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stdarg.h .. /usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h .. /usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h . /usr/include/stdlib.h .. /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h .. /usr/include/bits/waitflags.h .. /usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h ... /usr/include/endian.h .... /usr/include/bits/endian.h .... /usr/include/bits/byteswap.h ..... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h .. /usr/include/sys/types.h ... /usr/include/time.h ... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h ... /usr/include/sys/select.h .... /usr/include/bits/select.h ..... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h .... /usr/include/bits/sigset.h .... /usr/include/time.h .... /usr/include/bits/time.h ... /usr/include/sys/sysmacros.h ... /usr/include/bits/pthreadtypes.h .... /usr/include/bits/wordsize.h .. /usr/include/alloca.h ... /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.5.1/include/stddef.h . /usr/include/linux/time.h .. /usr/include/linux/types.h ... /usr/include/asm/types.h .... /usr/include/asm-generic/types.h ..... /usr/include/asm-generic/int-ll64.h ...... /usr/include/asm/bitsperlong.h ....... /usr/include/asm-generic/bitsperlong.h ... /usr/include/linux/posix_types.h .... /usr/include/linux/stddef.h .... /usr/include/asm/posix_types.h ..... /usr/include/asm/posix_types_64.h In file included from /CRF_Verify/stdlib_test.c:3:0: /usr/include/linux/time.h:9:8: error: redefinition of ‘struct timespec’ /usr/include/time.h:120:8: note: originally defined here /usr/include/linux/time.h:15:8: error: redefinition of ‘struct timeval’ /usr/include/bits/time.h:75:8: note: originally defined here Multiple include guards may be useful for: /usr/include/asm/posix_types.h /usr/include/bits/byteswap.h /usr/include/bits/endian.h /usr/include/bits/select.h /usr/include/bits/sigset.h /usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h /usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h /usr/include/bits/time.h /usr/include/bits/typesizes.h /usr/include/bits/waitflags.h /usr/include/bits/waitstatus.h /usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h /usr/include/gnu/stubs.h /usr/include/wchar.h 3 Answers
Your error appears to stem from including linux/time.h when also trying to include stdlib.h. linux/time.h is a kernel header and should only be used in kernel code. stdlib.h is a user-land function and should only be used in user programs. If you notice the error you get:
/usr/include/linux/time.h:12: error: redefinition of 'struct timespec' /usr/include/linux/time.h:18: error: redefinition of 'struct timeval' you can see that you are getting an error related to this. As seen in your long trace, this is because stdlib.h is including time.h (the one in /usr/include, not /usr/include/linux). I imagine that this is the real cause of the error you see about not finding stdlib.h (although I cannot imagine the details of how the errors are occurring the way they are).
For anyone who landed here trying to compile a C++ program with Cygwin on Windows, my problem was that I had both MingW and Cygwin. MingW was installed as part of the Cygwin setup. I used the setup.exe (let's call it package installer) from Cygwin and removed all instances of MingW. After that, my test application compiled properly.
Note: This solution is what worked for me. There are gazillion other reasons why you have the same error.
I've found another cause when using g++ v6.x, bug 70129. I triggered it when specifying -isystem (via CMake's SYSTEM keyword) for a Boost include directory - which ultimately included cstdlib.
